Define the problem, 2. Generate alternative solutions, 3. Learn new skills to dealing with stressors, 4. Reappraise and find new standards of behavior.

The relationship between advanced heart failure treatment and palliative measures

The capstone project should discuss the relationship between advanced heart failure treatment and palliative measures. I have chosen a patient that is 82 years old with advanced heart failure, there are no options for treatment. The current treatment that is in place is designed to bring the patient comfort and is not designed for curative measures. OUTLINE OF PAPER All necessary content comes from the guidelines below. This is the outline and are suggested headings for the paper Abstract (in APA format). The Abstract will be placed in the student’s academic file. Overview/Introduction Literature Review Theoretical Framework (FRAMWORK I WANT TO USE- Framework: Stress-coping-adaptation: concepts for nursing by Lazarus and Folkman Three major concepts: stress, appraisal, and coping Stress; Lazarus states that stress is a condition or feeling experienced when a person perceives that the “demands exceed the personal and social resources the individual is able to mobilize.” this is called the ‘transactional model of stress and coping.

Neither the environmental event nor the people response defines stress, rather the individuals perception of the psychological situation is the critical factor. According to Lazarus, the effect that stress has on a person is based more on that persons feeling of threat, vulnerability and ability to cope than on the stressful event itself. He defines psychological stress as a “particular relationship between the person and environment that is appraised by the person as taxing or exceeding his or her resources and endangering his or her wellbeing.” Cognitive Appraisal; Lazarus stated that cognitive appraisal occurs when a person considers two major factors that majorly contribute in his response to stress. These two factors include: 1). the threatening tendency of the stress to the individual, and 2). the assessment of resources required to minimize, tolerate or eradicate the stressor and the stress it produces. In general, cognitive appraisal is divided into two types or stages: primary and secondary appraisal. Coping; is defined as a process of “constantly changing cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage specific external and/or internal demands that are appraised as taxing or exceeding the resources of the person. There are two forms of coping: Problem-focused coping used when we feel we have control over the situation, thus can manage the source of the problem. There are four steps to manage this stress: 1.Define the problem, 2. Generate alternative solutions, 3. Learn new skills to dealing with stressors, 4. Reappraise and find new standards of behavior. Emotion focused coping used when an individual feels as if they cannot manage the source of the problem. It involves gaining strategies for regulating stress. 1. Avoiding (I am not going to school), 2. Distancing (yourself from the stress, ‘it doesn’t matter’), 3. Acceptance (I failed that exam, but I have 4 other subjects), 4. Seeking Medical Support, 5. Turning to alcohol. Description of Case (description of health problem; details of patient including all medical, social determinants of health such as cultural, economic factors, etc.) Physical examination – the full H& 4 will appear as an addendum to the final paper) (Ill be writing this- PLEASE DO NOT INCLUDE THIS IS PAPER) Differential diagnosis- (Ill be writing this- DO NOT INCLUDE THIS IN PAPER) Diagnostic testing- (Ill be writing this- please do not include this in paper) Patient Management and Health Promotion Plan- (Ill be writing this- please do not include in paper)