read the material in the uploaded PDF that contains excerpts of primary documents

For Week 6?s Discussion 2,read the material in the uploaded PDF that contains excerpts of primary documents. You will be reading excerpts of writings from two key African-American leaders of the Progressive Era, who represented two very different approaches to race issues. Booker T. Washington was perhaps the most respected African-American leader in the country in the early twentieth century, the first to be invited to a formal White House dinner. But his contemporary, W.E.B. DuBois, strongly criticized Washington?s positions. It is important to note that Washington, the founder of the Tuskegee Institute, was a Southerner and DuBois, the first black man to earn the degree of doctor of philosophy from Harvard, was a Northerner. If you are unfamiliar with any terms or with the historical context of any of these documents, you should do some basic research to familiarize yourself with those things, in order to better understand the primary documents themselves. Read these documents carefully and prepare a well-written response according to the following guidelines. In an initial post of 400 words.
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Booker T. Washington Delivers the speech that came to be
known as the Atlanta Compromise Speech, 1895
Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Board of Directors and Citizens:
One-third of the population of the South is of the Negro race. No enterprise seeking the material,
civil, or moral welfare of this section can disregard this element of our population and reach the
highest success. I but convey to you, Mr. President and Directors, the sentiment of the masses of
my race when I say that in no way have the value and manhood of the American Negro been
more fittingly and generously recognized than by the managers of this magnificent Exposition at
every stage of its progress. It is a recognition that will do more to cement the friendship of the
two races than any occurrence since the dawn of our freedom.
Not only this, but the opportunity here afforded will awaken among us a new era of industrial
progress. Ignorant and inexperienced, it is not strange that in the first years of our new life we
began at the top instead of at the bottom; that a seat in Congress or the state legislature was more
sought than real estate or industrial skill; that the political convention or stump speaking had
more attractions than starting a dairy farm or truck garden.
A ship lost at sea for many days suddenly sighted a friendly vessel. From the mast of the
unfortunate vessel was seen a signal,?Water, water; we die of thirst!? The answer from the
friendly vessel at once came back, ?Cast down your bucket where you are.? A second time the
signal, ?Water, water; send us water!? ran up from the distressed vessel, and was answered,
?Cast down your bucket where you are.? And a third and fourth signal for water was answered,
?Cast down your bucket where you are.? The captain of the distressed vessel, at last heeding the
injunction, cast down his bucket, and it came up full of fresh, sparkling water from the mouth of
the Amazon River. To those of my race who depend on bettering their condition in a foreign land
or who underestimate the importance of cultivating friendly relations with the Southern white
man, who is their next-door neighbor, I would say: ?Cast down your bucket where you are??
cast it down in making friends in every manly way of the people of all races by whom we are
surrounded.
Cast it down in agriculture, mechanics, in commerce, in domestic service, and in the professions.
And in this connection it is well to bear in mind that whatever other sins the South may be called
to bear, when it comes to business, pure and simple, it is in the South that the Negro is given a
man?s chance in the commercial world, and in nothing is this Exposition more eloquent than in
emphasizing this chance. Our greatest danger is that in the great leap from slavery to freedom we
may overlook the fact that the masses of us are to live by the productions of our hands, and fail
to keep in mind that we shall prosper in proportion as we learn to dignify and glorify common
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labour, and put brains and skill into the common occupations of life; shall prosper in proportion
as we learn to draw the line between the superficial and the substantial, the ornamental gewgaws
of life and the useful. No race can prosper till it learns that there is as much dignity in tilling a
field as in writing a poem. It is at the bottom of life we must begin, and not at the top. Nor should
we permit our grievances to overshadow our opportunities.
To those of the white race who look to the incoming of those of foreign birth and strange tongue
and habits for the prosperity of the South, were I permitted I would repeat what I say to my own
race,?Cast down your bucket where you are.? Cast it down among the eight millions of Negroes
whose habits you know, whose fidelity and love you have tested in days when to have proved
treacherous meant the ruin of your firesides. Cast down your bucket among these people who
have, without strikes and labour wars, tilled your fields, cleared your forests, builded your
railroads and cities, and brought forth treasures from the bowels of the earth, and helped make
possible this magnificent representation of the progress of the South. Casting down your bucket
among my people, helping and encouraging them as you are doing on these grounds, and to
education of head, hand, and heart, you will find that they will buy your surplus land, make
blossom the waste places in your fields, and run your factories. While doing this, you can be sure
in the future, as in the past, that you and your families will be surrounded by the most patient,
faithful, law-abiding, and unresentful people that the world has seen. As we have proved our
loyalty to you in the past, in nursing your children, watching by the sick-bed of your mothers and
fathers, and often following them with tear-dimmed eyes to their graves, so in the future, in our
humble way, we shall stand by you with a devotion that no foreigner can approach, ready to lay
down our lives, if need be, in defense of yours, interlacing our industrial, commercial, civil, and
religious life with yours in a way that shall make the interests of both races one. In all things that
are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to
mutual progress.
There is no defense or security for any of us except in the highest intelligence and development
of all. If anywhere there are efforts tending to curtail the fullest growth of the Negro, let these
efforts be turned into stimulating, encouraging, and making him the most useful and intelligent
citizen. Effort or means so invested will pay a thousand per cent interest. These efforts will be
twice blessed?blessing him that gives and him that takes. There is no escape through law of
man or God from the inevitable:
The laws of changeless justice bind Oppressor with oppressed;
And close as sin and suffering joined We march to fate abreast.
..
Nearly sixteen millions of hands will aid you in pulling the load upward, or they will pull against
you the load downward. We shall constitute one-third and more of the ignorance and crime of
the South, or one-third [of] its intelligence and progress; we shall contribute one-third to the
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